Category Archives: R

R Programming tips on mapping IGRA2 Radiosonde data

Mapping IGRA2 data with ggplot2 and R.

R Programming tips to read and plot IGRA2 Radiosonde data

How to use R to plot IGRA2 data

R Programming – Improvements in the Language

The R programming language has improved over the past few years

The Ocean Mixed Layer, SST, and Climate Change

This post was updated 3/14/2026 mainly to bring some of the figures up to date, but I also fixed a minor bug in the R code. The data used was updated through 2025, when possible. By Andy May As described in my previous post, the ocean “mixed layer” is sandwiched between the very thin “skin”Continue reading “The Ocean Mixed Layer, SST, and Climate Change”

Recent USHCN Final v Raw Temperature differences

By Andy May While studying the NOAA USHCN (United States Historical Climate Network) data I noticed the recent differences between the raw and final average annual temperatures were anomalous. The plots in this post are computed from the USHCN monthly averages. The most recent version of the data can be downloaded here. The data shownContinue reading “Recent USHCN Final v Raw Temperature differences”

HADCRU Power and Temperature

By Andy May Generally, it is agreed that the Earth’s top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy budget balances to within the margin of error of the estimates (see Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997). The incoming energy, after subtracting reflected energy, is thought to be roughly 239 W/m2 which matches, within the margin of error, the outgoing energy of roughlyContinue reading “HADCRU Power and Temperature”

Climate and Civilization for the past 4,000 years

Present warming is not unusual.

Using R and JAMSTEC NetCDF Files to Examine Ocean Temperatures

We examine ocean temperatures with an R program