Author Archives: Andy May

Climate Oscillations 3: Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Area

Northern Hemisphere ice and climate change.

Climate Oscillations 2: The Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP)

By Andy May As seen in the first post of this series the AMO (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation) and the WHWP (Western Hemisphere Warm Pool) area are the two climate oscillations that explain most of the variability (64%) in the HadCRUT5 global mean surface temperature reconstruction (GMST) since 1950. Adding the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) explainsContinue reading “Climate Oscillations 2: The Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP)”

Climate Oscillations 1: The Regression

By Andy May Introduction to the “Climate Oscillations” series My last two posts, Musings on the AMO and The Bray Solar Cycle and AMO were fun to research and write, and they helped show that solar variations and cycles do have an impact on climate change regardless of what the IPCC says in AR6 WGIContinue reading “Climate Oscillations 1: The Regression”

The Bray Solar Cycle and AMO

Did the Bray Solar Cycle play a role in the recent warming of North Atlantic sea surface temperatures?

Musings on the AMO

By Andy May We hear a lot about the AMO, or the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. How much does it influence the global mean surface temperature or GMST? Exactly what is the AMO? These are the issues we will discuss. First let’s look at various definitions of the AMO.

Energy Consumption in 2024 and the Spanish Power Failure

What does the April 2025 Spanish power failure tell us about how we compare solar and wind to stable fossil fuel and nuclear power generation? By Andy May Global energy demand and consumption rose 2.2% in 2024 to a record high according to the 2025 IEA Global Energy Review released in March 2025. Growth inContinue reading “Energy Consumption in 2024 and the Spanish Power Failure”

The Weather and Climate of World War II

How accurate are the NOAA and Hadley Centre sea surface temperature corrections?

What is the Global Average SST?

By Andy May This post can be read in German here. The global average SST (Sea Surface Temperature) is a very important component of the global average surface temperature for the simple reason that the global ocean covers almost 71% of Earth’s surface. So, we downloaded the gridded SST data from 1850 through 2024 fromContinue reading “What is the Global Average SST?”

Plate Tectonics and Climate during the Cenozoic

By Andy May This post has been translated to German by Christian Freuer here. In this post I examine the proxies used to compare CO2 to temperature from 66 million years ago (Ma) until today and comment on the quality of the comparison. In addition, we look at the Cenozoic plate tectonic events that affectedContinue reading “Plate Tectonics and Climate during the Cenozoic”

The Earth without Greenhouse Gases

By Andy May The overall greenhouse effect (GHE) is often defined as the difference between Earth’s average global temperature without greenhouse gases (GHGs) and with them. Greenhouse gases are all the gases that absorb some portion of the thermal energy emitted by Earth’s surface. The most important of these gases is water vapor, but thereContinue reading “The Earth without Greenhouse Gases”